Development of endosperm and embryo of aneuploid seeds obtained from 3x x 2x and 3x x 4x crosses and its rescue in grapes.

摘要

Causes of low frequency in the production of aneuploid plants in grapes (Vitis vinifera) were studied using seeds obtained from reciprocal crosses between triploid hybrid plants and a diploid cultivar. The development of the embryo and endosperm ofthe seeds from 3x x 2x (RB9126 x Muscat Bailey A and BK9101 x Muscat Bailey A) and 3x x 4x (RB9126 x Yufu and BK9101 x Yufu) crosses were inferior to those of seeds from 2x x 2x (Delaware x Delaware) and 4x x 4x (RB9126 and BK9101) crosses. In both crosses with 2x and 4x, almost all seeds with fully developed endosperms and most seeds with partially developed endosperms contained an embryo, but most seeds with aborted endosperms did not contain any embryos. The contained embryo rate of 3x x 4x crosses was slightly higher than 3x x 2x. Embryos resulting between 3x x 2x and 3x x 4x crosses were significantly smaller than those of the self pollinated diploids and tetraploids, and showed a highly abnormal morphology. Embryos excised aseptically from the seeds were cultured onto germination medium consisting of MS medium with 1μM benzyladenine. Two of the 192 embryos grew normally. The two recovered plants were aneuploids with chromosome number of 41 and 69.