Emphysematous cystitis is a rare form of acute inflammation and infection of the bladder mucosa and underlying muscle caused by gas-forming organisms. Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated pathogen. While relatively uncommon, early diagnosis and treatment is generally associated with a favourable outcome and this depends on a high clinical index of suspicion. In the severely ill diabetic patient, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen is indicated as a first-line investigation.
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