Generally automotive finishing employs a 3-coat-2-bake system for application of metallic basecoat/clearcoat systems and a 2-coat-2-bake system for solid colour applications. For energy saving purposes, attempts have been made to cut one of the baking steps, with the adoption of a 3-coat-l-bake system or 2-coat-l-bake system (respectively). Additionally, for environmental reasons, the use of waterborne intermediate paint, basecoat and topcoat would be preferable. However, the use of waterborne coatings is thought to decrease the water resistance of the final coating or reduce the smoothness and distinctness of image of the final coating (due to layer mixing at the coating interfaces).
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