Assessing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic diversity using morphological characters and microsatallite markers.

摘要

Genetic diversity of the seven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties was evaluated at the DNA level using 48 simple sequence repeats (SSR) alleles and 9 morphological characters. The wheat microsatellite markers (WMS) used determined 15 loci located on fifteen chromosomes and were capable of detecting 48 alleles with an average of 3.2 alleles per locus. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 7 and the allelic polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.278 for the Xgwm95 to 0.816 for the Xgwm437 with an average of 0.548. The results revealed that the genotypes differed for morphological characters and SSR markers. The average genetic diversity based on morphological characters (23.49 with a range of 8.51-38.46) was higher than SSR markers (0.53 with a range of 0.42-0.63). Our results suggested that the classification based on morphological characters and genotypic markers of these wheat genotypes will be useful for wheat breeders to plan crosses for positive traits. The results obtained suggested that the wheat microsatellite primers can be used to distinguish all genotypes used and to estimate their genetic diversity. Genetic dissimilarity values between genotypes, calculated by the WMS derived data, were used to produce a dendrogram. The diversity within the analysed varieties is discussed. Hence, the identification of the genetic diversity between varieties should be a good tool of selecting these varieties in breeding programs. As a result of this study, genetically diverse parents can be identified, increasing the usefulness of varieties collections by broadening the genetic base of wheat varieties. The present study also indicates that microsatellite markers permit the fast and high throughout fingerprinting of accessions from a varieties collection in order to assess genetic diversity.