'My oil palm versus your forest': deforestation and farm concession policies in west Kalimantan, Indonesia.

摘要

Land use in West Kalimantan province, and in the Sanggau district in particular, has undergone considerable changes at an ever faster rate over the past decade. The introduction of Hevea (jungle rubber) in the form of agroforests at the beginning ofthe 20th century first of all helped to establish a Dayak agriculture initially based on gathering in forests and slash-and-burn farming. From the 1980s on, various parties -- the state, private companies, local Dayak communities and transmigrant Javanese peoples -- have been developing land strategies which call for a redefinition of land use. The government concession development policy for oil palm and Acacia mangium plantations is culminating in a legal redistribution of lands, to the detriment oflocal people. This situation could well be a potential source of conflict in the near future between concessions and local communities, which in 1988 legally controlled no more than 29% of the district (as opposed to 52% in 1985). Protected forests represent 7% and transmigration projects 3% of total areas. However, the situation in the field is less alarming because these concessions are only partly planted (20% for concessions with oil palm and 10% for concessions with Acacia mangium). On closer inspection, there are still 54% of areas that can be used by local communities. This alarming legal situation must therefore be qualified on the basis of the real rate of land use. Three development scenarios over 10 years are being put forward to assess theimpact of these changes on land allocation.