Infection with the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum can result in systemic disease in several species of animals, including dogs and cats. While the exact prevalence of this infection is unknown for these animals, large areas of endemicity exist throughout the world. In the United States, the largest number of cases occurs in the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river valleys. One study reported histoplasmosis as the second most common fungal infection in cats.1 Infected dogs and cats may present with a myriad of clinical signs, commonly including pyrexia, anorexia, and lethargy. Histoplasmosis is an important differential diagnosis to consider in animals from endemic areas.
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