Commentary on 'Characterization of acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids of porcine heart valve cusps as potential immune targets in biological heart valve grafts' (by Barone et al.): bioprosthetic products from animal origin are xenotransplantation products with their own regulatory path

摘要

Xenotransplantation has undergone important progress in controlling initial hyperacute rejection in many preclinical models, with some cell, tissue, and organ xenografts advancing toward clinical trials. However, acute injury, driven primarily by innate immune and inflammatory responses, continues to limit results in lung xenograft models. The purpose of this article is to review the current status of lung xenotransplantationincluding the seemingly unique challenges posed by this organand summarize proven and emerging means of overcoming acute lung xenograft injury.