How does drought tolerance compare between two improved hybrids of balsam poplar and an unimproved native species?.Comments Comment in: Tree Physiol. 2011 Mar;31(3):237-9; PMID: 21512097

摘要

Poplars are one of the woody plants that are very sensitive to water stress, which may reduce the productivity of fast-growing plantations. Poplars can exhibit several drought tolerance strategies that may impact productivity differently. Trees from two improved hybrids, Populus balsamifera[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray (clone B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]T) and P. balsamifera[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]Populus maximowiczii A. Henry (clone B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]M), having P. balsamifera L. as a parent and trees from native and unimproved P. balsamifera were subjected to a 1-month drying cycle in a growth chamber and then rewatered. The unimproved and native B clone maintained higher stomatal conductance (g(s)) than the hybrids, and high photosynthetic activity and transpiration, even when soil water content was nearly zero. As a result, both instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE(i)) and leaf carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) indicated that this clone was less affected by drought than both hybrids at maximal drought stress. However, this clone shed its leaves when the drought threshold was exceeded, which implied a greater loss of productivity. The B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]M hybrid showed a relatively conservative response to water stress, with the greatest decrease in transpiring versus absorbing surface (total leaf area to root biomass ratio). This clone was also the only one to develop new leaves after rewatering, and its total biomass production was not significantly decreased by drought. Among the two hybrids, clone B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]T was the most vigorous, with the greatest transpiration (E(i)) and net CO(2) assimilation (A) rates, allowing for high biomass production. However, it had a more risky strategy under drought conditions by keeping its stomata open and high E(i) rates under moderate drought, resulting in a lower recovery rate after rewatering. The opposite drought response strategies of the two hybrids were reflected by clone B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]T having lower WUE(i) values than clone B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]M at maximal drought, with a very low [Greek capital Psi](min) value of -3.2 MPa, despite closed stomata and stopped photosynthetic activity. Positive linear relationships between A and g(s) for the three hybrids indicated strong stomatal control of photosynthesis. Moreover, the three poplar clones showed anisohydric behaviour for stomatal control and their use under long-term drought should be of interest, especially the B[THIN SPACE]x[THIN SPACE]M clone.