Founders of bioethics: concepts in tension, dialogue, and development.

摘要

I have been involved with the discipline of bioethics from the beginning. Working with the Pan American Health Organization, I brought information about the new discipline of bioethics to every country in South America. In 2002, at the sixth World Congress of Bioethics in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Volnei Garrafa, the Congress president, named me "Papa"-a founder of bioethics. This honor started me to think about the possibility of a Congress in the United States focused on the founders of bioethics here. As the years passed and some of those originally involved with the discipline passed away, I was pushed to start on the project. In June 2010, an International Congress took place at Edinboro University of Pennsylvania to honor the founders of bioethics and to provide younger bioethicists with a sense of what the discipline was like at the beginning. The Congress was well attended, and after the event, it was suggested that each founder submit a paper for publication on the topic of his or her early experience.