PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CANINE DIABETES

摘要

The term diabetes mellitus (DM) encompasses etiologically unrelated diseases and includes many different causes for disturbed glucose tolerance. Characteristic for all types of diabetes is the impairment of insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells. Because of major problems with nomenclature, a classification system was developed in 1979(43) and revised in 1985(58) in which diabetes was divided into four groups: (1) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM); (2) non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); (3) gestational diabetes; and (4) diabetes associated with certain syndromes or conditions (secondary diabetes). in dogs, diabetes usually is divided broadly into IDDM and NIDDM. Because the pathogenesis and clinical picture in some stages of the disease are quite different, they are discussed separately. Only a few studies have examined the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes in dogs. Much of the information presented in this article, therefore, is based on studies in humans and other in vivo or in vitro models of diabetes with the hope that it will stimulate investigations into the pathogenesis of canine DM.