There have been numerous reports concerning factors that might operate to increase vulnerability and resilience to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the mechanisms that might be involved in subserving the disorder, and the potential treatment strategies to ameliorate its symptoms. Although relevant data have come from studies in humans that had encountered traumatic events or chronic strain as well as from research in animals, the development of an animal model of PTSD appears to be particularly difficult. Specifically, PTSD is characterized by the reexperiencing of traumatic events, avoidance of trauma reminders, and anxiety and hyperarousal; in addition, depressive disorder is a frequent comorbid feature of PTSD.
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