THE EFFECT OF LEVAMISOLE ON IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CHICK INOCULATED WITH INACTIVATED SALMONELLA PULLORUM VACCINE

摘要

Among the microbial diseases of chicken Salmonella pulforum plays an important role in economy of avian industry The disease has its unique Importance, usually transmitted vertically to the egg by a carrier hen via the infected ovum and can also be transmitted horizontally to the surrounding birds by entering through a wound or in contaminated feed, Once a bird is infected and survives, it can continue to shed the bacteria for the duration of its life and shedding proves to be a problem in breeding stocks (Snoeyenbos, 1991). Salmonella gallinarum 9R strain was successfully used against Salmonella pullorum as a vaccinre by Gupta and Mallick (1977). Although, the 9R fowl typhoid vaccine confers strong protection, it retains some virulence and may be transmitted through the egg (Silva ef al., 1981). Very little information in the existing literature is available on the role of inactivated vaccine against pullorum disease in chicks, Levamisole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic has been used as a versatilechemical compound in number of diseases to boost up the immune status of birds and animals (Babuik and Mishra, 1982). Hence, in the present study immunomodulatory effect of levamisole, was evaluated in chicks inoculated with formalin inactivated Salmonella pullorum (SP) vaccine.