Nutrient management and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)-based cropping systems in temperate zone.

摘要

An experiment was carried out from winter season of 2004-05 to rainy season of 2006 at Srinagar to determine the impact of different nutrient management practices and cropping systems on growth, yield, nitrogen uptake and system productivity of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L) emend Fiori & Paol]-based cropping systems. Treatments consisted of four fertility levels viz. recommended fertilizer dose (100 kg N+60 kg P₂O₅+30 kg K₂O/ha), recommended fertilizer dose+farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha; recommended fertilizer dose+biofertilizer and recommended fertilizer dose+farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha+biofertilizer applied to wheat crop and six crop sequences, viz. wheat-rice (Oryza sativa L), wheat-maize (Zea mays L); wheat-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L); wheat-greengram [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek], wheat-soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] and wheat-Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Combined application of recommended fertilizer dose, farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha and biofertilizer significantly improved wheat yield and soil nutrient status. Increase in wheat yield was to the tune of 17.5 and 23.0% over the alone application of chemical fertilizer during 2004-05 and 2005-06 respectively. Wheat yield and nitrogen uptake showed significant increase when grown after pulses. Yield improvement in wheat was 11 and 10% due to legume effect of greengram and Frenchbean respectively. Wheat-rice sequence proved more productive and remunerative cropping system.