SCIENTIFIC NOTE FIRST RECORD OF THE 'SPLENDID TAMARISKWEEVIL', CONIATUS SPLENDIDULUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: HYPERINAE), IN COLORADO, USA

摘要

Tamarisk (Tamarix L., Tamaricaceae), or saltcedar, is an invasive tree/shrub that has spread rapidly through the Intermountain Region of the western United States (Morisette et al. 2006). Because of its drought-resistant habit, tolerance for high salinity soils, and rapid growth, it has covered more than 2.5 million hectares of prime riparian habitat and is now the third most common woody riparian plant in the western US (Friedman et al. 2005). Its ability to survive in harsh conditions has resulted in replacement of native cottonwood populations and adversely affects the associated fauna. Biological control methods have been developed, using the tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata Desbrochers) (Tracy and Robbins 2009). Diorhabda carinulata is the only officially authorized biological control agent for tamarisk control in North America (Eckberg and Foster, 2011). Control of tamarisk can have unintended consequences on native wildlife that has become adapted to survive in tamarisk stands. The endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax trailii extimus Phillips) has become adapted to nesting and foraging in tamarisk (Eckberg and Foster 2011), and biological control efforts may affect the habits of this bird.