SECULAR EVOLUTION AND A NON-EVOLVING BLACK-HOLE-TO-GALAXY MASS RATIO IN THE LAST 7 Gyr

摘要

We present new constraints on the ratio of black hole (BH) mass to total galaxy stellar mass at 0.3 < z < 0.9 for a sample of 32 type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the XMM-COSMOS survey covering the range MBH～10~(7.2-8.7)M_⊙. Virial M_(BH) estimates based on Hβ are available from the COSMOS Magellan/IMACS survey.We use high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging to decompose the light of each type-1 AG and host galaxy, and employ a specially built mass-to-light ratio to estimate the stellar msaaes(M_*).The M_(BH)-M_* ratio shows a zero offset with respect to the local relation for galactic bulge masses,and we also find no evolution in the mass ratio M_(BH)/M_* ∝ (1 + z)~(0.02±0.34) up to z ～0.9. Interestingly, at the high-MBH end there is a positive offset from the z = 0 relation, which can be fully explained by a mass function bias with a cosmic scatter of σ_μ = 0.3, reaffirming that the intrinsic distribution is consistent with zero evolution. From our results we conclude that since z ～0.9 no substantial addition of stellar mass is required: the decline in star formation rates and merger activity at z < 1 support this scenario. Nevertheless, given that a significant fraction of these galaxies show a disk component, their bulges are indeed undermassive. This is a direct indication that for the last 7 Gyr the only essential mechanism required for these galaxies to obey the z = 0 relation is a redistribution of stellar mass to the bulge, likely driven by secular processes, i.e., internal instabilities and minor merging.