GM crop technology and trade restraints: economic implications for Australia and New Zealand.

摘要

This paper explores how much the potential economic benefit from enhanced farm productivity associated with crop biotechnology adoption by Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) might be offset by a loss of market access abroad for crops that may contain genetically modified (GM) organisms. The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model is used to estimate effects of other countries' GM policies without and with ANZ farmers adopting GM varieties of various grains and oilseeds. It is indicated that the gross economic benefits to ANZ from adopting GM crops under a variety of scenarios could be positive even if the strict controls on imports from GM-adopting countries by the European Union are maintained, but not if North-East Asia also applied such trade restraints. From those gross economic effects would need to be subtracted society's evaluation of any new food safety concerns and negative environmental externalities (net of any new environmental and occupational health benefits), as well as any extra costs of segregation, identity preservation and consumer search..