Core curriculum for plastic surgical nursing: botulinum toxin type A for facial aesthetics.

摘要

PURPOSE The patient's desire for aesthetic changes with minimal downtime and recovery has fueled nonsurgical intervention popularity for facial rejuvenation. Botulinum toxin type A, one of the seven neurotox-ins found in Clostridium botulinum, was first isolated in 1946. Its uses for medical intervention in blepharospasm and strabismus began in 1976. FDA approval for these areas came in 1989. Cosmetic improvements were noted as a side effect of botulinum toxin type A for medical treatments and aesthetic trials were started. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the glabellar frown lines came in 2003, and many off label uses for facial wrinkle reduction and sculpting emerged. Botulinum toxin type A is now widely used for nonsurgical treatment of facial wrinkling, sagging, and asymmetries and remains the most commonly performed aesthetic procedure. Achieving superior outcomes with patient satisfaction is the ultimate goal.