Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and pre-eclampsia remain the major causes of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality1. These two conditions have been shown to result from abnormal trophoblast invasion, which compromises uteroplacental circulation2. Uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography and a variety of proteins and hormones have been studied as potential early biomarkers of FGR or pre-eclampsia3. However, after identifying high-risk patients, management strategies are limited to increasing frequency of surveillance.
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