Burns can be caused by a variety of factors. The most common kind of burn is thermal (caused by heat over 140degF), resulting from a flame, hot liquid, steam, or hot metal. Burns can also occur if skin comes in contact with certain chemicals (strong acids or bases), electricity, radiation (such as in cancer treatments), friction that causes heat production, or ultraviolet light from the sun or tanning beds. Self-treatment is appropriate for first-degree and small second-degree thermal burns (less than 3 inches wide). The affected area should be soaked in cool water for 5 to 10 minutes, or until pain is relieved and does not recur once the burn is exposed to air. Using ice water or applying ice directly to the burn is not recommended. Butter or similar home remedies should never be used to treat a burn. The area should be covered with an antibiotic ointment or aloe vera gel and then wrapped loosely with a bandage or gauze for protection. Nonprescription pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help to relieve pain. The burn should be gently washed and covered with ointment and a fresh bandage daily until the area is dry, and any blister that may form should not be disturbed, in order to avoid infection.
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