Multiresidues of herbicides in surface and groundwater on cultivated terrain of lower Silesia.

摘要

The aim of investigations was to evaluate herbicidal pollution in surface and groundwater on arable areas. The research was conducted in the years 2004-2008. Samples were collected (from stationary points located in the south-west Poland) twice a year (in spring and autumn about 4-6 weeks after nominal date of herbicide application). Surface and groundwaters (from wells) where collected from 33-52 points. Residues of herbicide active ingredients were determined using chromatography methods - HPLC with UV detection and GLC with ECD detection. Residues of active substances in surface and groundwater (in spring and autumn) were detected in 22-32% of samples. Maximum of residues were detected in surface water samples - up to 1 micro g/l for triazines (atrazine, simazine) and phenoxyacids (2,4-D, MCPA). In groundwater (from wells) residues were detected more rarely (12-14% of samples) and their level was lower than in surface water samples. The presence of herbicides in water sources raises concerns for protection of drinking water quality, and the Health Ministry regulation stipulates the requirement that single herbicide should not exceed 0.1 micro g/l and total herbicides should not exceed 0.5 micro g/l in drinking water. Residues at concentrations exceeding the safety standards were detected sporadically. Residues of active substance in surface and groundwater were detected most frequently in spring time.