Weather conditions as an agent strongly modifying quantity and quality of the yield of winter wheat grain in the light of fungal disease occurrence.

摘要

Meteorological conditions are essential factors which determine the quantity and quality of grain yield because they influence both plant development and the occurrence of pests. As it is not possible to modify this factor, we can only make some adjustments to vary weather conditions to confine their unfavourable effects on the quantity and quality of grain yield. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi on the leaves, ears and stem bases of wheat were studied in 2002-04. In each vegetative season, weather conditions favoured the dominance of different pathogens. In 2002 a high intensity of brown rust (Puccinia recondita) on leaves was recorded (44.38% infected leaf area). In 2003, species of Septoria dominated (19.34% infected leaf area). In 2004, a mild winter eyespot (Tapesia yallundae [Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides]) strongly developed on stem bases (infection index 29.00) of the crop. The development of other pathogens present in the fungal disease complex infecting winter wheat was less intense, nevertheless they also influenced the amount and quality of crop yield. Fungicide application increased grain yield by average of 11.72 dt/ha (23.47%) and 1000-grain weight by 4.41 g (11.04%)..