rules of the game - Griffin's Survey Methods: Retracement

摘要

As noted in my first article on Griffin's rules (February 2008), Robert J. Griffin wrote in "Retracement and Apportionment as Surveying Methods for Reestablishing Property Corners" that, "retracement is a surveying method for resurrecting evidence of the location of a once established property corner. Its aim is to follow, as closely as possible, in the footsteps of the original surveyor and re-establish property corners in the exact position in which he originally placed them. The intention of the original grantor, as expressed and as inferred from the deed, is the paramount consideration in determining the location of property lines and corners." When a deed (or other title document) is interpreted in the light of then-existing conditions and circumstances, the interpreter considers the original survey that marked the boundaries. The highest and best proof of intention lies, not in the words of expression, but in the work performed upon the ground itself. Lines actually run and corners actually established upon the ground prior to the conveyance are the most certain evidence of intention. He states, "It is by the work as executed upon the ground, not as projected before execution or represented on a plan afterward, that actual boundaries are determined."