The recoil forces characteristic of shoulder-mounted firearms can create discomfort and distraction for the shooter. A modified version of a previously developed system for measuring felt recoil was adapted to approximate the force interaction between gun and shooter with the aid of high-speed imaging. The high-speed imaging was used to find a combination of damping materials for the measurement system that would approximate the gun dynamics of a particular shooter. The recoil measurement system was then used to characterize the recoil of a gas-operated semi-automatic shotgun, comparing the recoil to a fixed breech version, quantifying the effect of the bolt movement on recoil forces. It was found that the time scale of the bolt movement relative to the main recoil event was important to the recoil force profile, increasing its duration, and for the particular gun examined, peak recoil forces were reduced between 20% and 25% by the bolt movement.
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