In-depth characterization of granular starch-graft-polyester compositions as obtained by in situ polymerization of lactones from the starch surface

摘要

The synthesis of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-grafted granular starch was carried out either in bulk (without solvent) or in toluene suspension by a two-step procedure. First step relied upon the activation of the hydroxyl groups available at the starch surface by alkylaluminum derivatives like AlEt_3 and removal of non-surface-grafted organo-aluminum active species. The latter species were made free in solution by reaction with the remaining water molecules still contaminating the polymerization medium despite intensive drying of the starch granules. In the second step, ε-caprolactone was polymerized via a coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerization as initiated by the surface-grafted aluminum alkoxide species. The present contribution aims at investigating various parameters such as nature of the alkyl aluminum activator and monomer (δ-valerolactone was studied as well), temperature, concentration, and addition of a solvent (polymerization in toluene suspension), reaction time, and also the experimental procedure used to recover the polyester chains and measure the grafting efficiency. It turns out that, under the studied conditions, dialkylaluminum alkoxides surface-grafted onto the starch granules were more likely generated and promote a fast polymerization reaction with the formation of grafted PCL chains with a molecular weight that can be as high as 225 000 (M_n value) for polymerization carried out in toluene suspension.