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Charles Henry pearson on the decline of the family

机译:查尔斯·亨利·皮尔森(Charles Henry Earson)论家庭的衰败

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A common observation and frequent lament about family change in contemporary societies is of the shift of childraising responsibilities from parents to the state. This shift (and what might be done to reverse it) was a theme, for example, of James S. Coleman's 1992 presidential address to the American Sociological Association. In the new circumstances, said Coleman, "carrying the family's honor into the future is less important"; in many families adolescent children "are abandoned psychologically and socially." The state, however, still has "strong interests in maximizing a child's value to society, or minimizing its cost. "A century before Coleman, Charles Henry Pearson, in the passage reproduced below from his book National Life and Character: AForecast (1893), wrote of the decline of the family in quite similar terms. He argued that state intervention was undertaken only reluctantly, a byproduct of changes in conjugal relations from arranged marriages to "marriages of inclination," along witheasier divorce, and consequent lessening of parental interest in the family line. The state, almost by default, needed to assert the public interest in the raising of children, even though its measures, notably compulsory education, further eroded parents' rights over their children and children's sense of duty and obligation to their parents. While Pearson mostly welcomed the gender equity and individualism he saw emerging, he regretted their effect on the family--on what he termed (metaphorically) "the religion of household life." His prescient forecast was of "a state of things in which marriages will be contracted without reflection, and broken up without scruple, in which children will be cared for when they are young with, it may be, even more tenderness than of old, but with incomparably less anxiety to fit them for the moral obligations of life, and in which the claim of parents to be obeyed will cease with the children's need of support." His conclusion: "Family life will be a gracious and decorative incident in the system of such a society; but the family, as a constituent part of the State, as the matrix in which character is moulded, will lose its importance as the clan and the city have done."
机译:关于当代社会家庭变迁的一个普遍观察和经常感叹是育儿责任从父母转移到国家。这种转变(以及为扭转这种局面可以采取的措施)是詹姆斯·科尔曼(James S. Coleman)1992年向美国社会学协会(American Sociological Association)致辞的主题。科尔曼说,在新的情况下,“将家庭的荣誉带到未来并不重要”。在许多家庭中,青少年儿童“在心理上和社会上都被抛弃了”。但是,该州仍然“对最大化儿童的社会价值或最小化其成本有浓厚的兴趣。”比科尔曼查尔斯·亨利·皮尔逊(Charles Henry Pearson)早一个世纪,其段落摘录自他的著作《国民生活与人物:AForecast(1893)》 ,用相当相似的字眼描述了家庭的衰落。他认为,国家干预只是勉强地进行,这是夫妻关系从包办婚姻到“倾向婚姻”的变化的副产品,伴随着离婚的增加以及随之而来的父母对家庭关系的减少。国家几乎默认情况下需要在抚养子女方面维护公众利益,尽管其措施(特别是义务教育)进一步削弱了父母对子女的权利以及子女对父母的责任感和义务感。皮尔逊(Pearson)最欢迎他所看到的性别平等和个人主义,但他对性别对家庭的影响感到遗憾,这就是他所谓的“家庭生活的信仰”。他有先见之明的预测是:“一种情况,婚姻将被无视地收缩,而破裂而不被残酷地对待,在这种情况下,孩子在年幼的时候会得到照顾,这可能比年长的时候更加温柔,但是使他们适应生活的道德义务的焦虑程度无与伦比,并且在这种要求下,父母的服从要求将随着孩子的需要而停止。”他的结论是:“家庭生活将是这样一个社会体系中的一次亲切而富有装饰性的事件;但是,作为国家组成部分的家庭,作为塑造品格的基质,将失去其作为氏族和家族的重要性。这个城市已经完成了。”

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