Chemical Conversion of Palm-Based LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS to Nano-Cellulose: Review

摘要

Currently, Malaysia has substantially increased its reputation as a country developed for palm-based lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic palm biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as other minor components. The presence of highly cellulose content in palm biomass is potentially converted to nanocellulose, which is a promising bio-polymer that useful for various industrial applications, such as personal cares, chemicals, foods, pharmaceuticals and bio-composites. Nanocellulose possesses many advantages, such as nano-scale dimension, high strength and modulus, large surface area, unique optical properties, etc. This amazing characteristic and wide application prospects have attracted significant interest from both research scientists and industrialists. In this study, we will discuss basic chemistry of palm-based biomass, complex structure of lignocellulose and its recalcitrant. Furthermore, comparison study of all chemical pretreatments to unlock the polysaccharide and depolymerisation of palm-based cellulose into nanocellulose will discuss herein.