Response of virginia- and runner-type peanuts to soil fumigation with Vapam in Virginia, 2006

摘要

The field site was Goldsboro fine sandy loam with a history of moderate to severe crop damage by CBR and northern root-knot nematode. Wheat/soybean and peanut were grown at the site in 2005 and 2004, respectively. Main plots were treatments with and without Vapam planted to either virginia- or runner-market types, and subplots were cultivars.Treatments were applied in twelve, 35-ft rows spaced 3-ft apart in four randomized complete blocks. Vapam 42% 7.5 gal/A was applied 8-in. under each row with a coulter and trailing chisel shank on 7 Apr. Disks and a bed shaper produced smooth beds measuring 24-in. wide and 4-in. high over the treated rows. In-furrow treatments of Temik 15G 7 lb/A were applied atplanting to the seed furrow on 28 Apr. Subplots consisted of two row plots of six virginia-type cultivars and six runner-type cultivars. A broadcast spray of Orthene 97S at 6 oz/A was applied on 31 May for thrips control, and Lorsban 15G 13 lb/A was applied in a 12-in. band over rows during cultivation on 29 Jun for control of southern corn rootworm. Thereafter,standard practices for peanut production were followed throughout the growing season. Peanuts were inverted into windrows on 5 Oct and harvested with a two-row combine on 11 Oct. Yield was determined after drying and adjusting the weight of whole pods to 7% moisture. A composite sample of pods from four replications of each cultivar was graded by Federal-StateInspection Service methods to estimate market value. Rainfall in Jun, Sep and Oct was 5.75, 4.64 and 4.62 in. above normal, and in May, Jul, and Aug was 0.96, 2.21, and 3.21 in. below normal, respectively. Rainfall during the period totaled 36.4 in., which was 8.6 in. above normal. Minimum air temperatures averaged near normal ( +- 1 deg F) in Jun, Jul and Sep, 2 deg F above normal in Oct, 3 deg F above normal in Aug, and 2 deg Fbelow normal in May. Maximum air temperatures were near normal ( +- 1 deg F) in May, Jun, Jul, and Oct, 2 deg F below normal in Sep, and 4 deg F above normal in Aug according to records from a NOAA station 4 miles northwest of the test site.