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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >A methodology for measuring drainage and nitrate leaching in unevenly irrigated vegetable crops.
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A methodology for measuring drainage and nitrate leaching in unevenly irrigated vegetable crops.

机译:一种测量灌溉不均的农作物中排水和硝酸盐淋失的方法。

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摘要

The objective of our study was to establish a methodology to determine drainage and nitrate leaching in unevenly irrigated vegetable crops. It was conducted in a tomato crop (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) with drip irrigation in the summer of 2000 in the Ebro Valley, Spain. Two soil management techniques and two irrigation treatments were evaluated: bare soil (S1) and soil mulched with black plastic (S2), with irrigation calculated according to the Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) for bare soil (R1) and for mulched soil (R2). Volumetric soil water content ( theta v) was measured weekly to 1 m depth in six positions transverse to the drip line. Drainage was calculated by applying the water balance equation to the data from: (i) all six positions (method 1) and (ii) to the positions located under the plants and between the rows, respectively (method 2). Soil solution was extracted at 1 m depth with porous ceramic cups and analysed for nitrate. Nitrate leached to 1 m depth was calculated as the product of volume of drainage accumulated weekly and the nitrate concentration of the soil solution. Drainage and nitrate leaching were evaluated for two different crop periods: crop establishment and crop growth. Method 2 produced results that were not significantly different from those from method 1. However, method 1 was more accurate and identified more differences between treatments. The greater drainage occurred during the crop establishment period, which also favoured the leaching of nitrates previously stored in the soil profile and later applied as fertilizer before planting. During establishment the crop was unable to use all available nitrate and the quality of groundwater deteriorated. The results suggest that further studies are required to adjust crop coefficients (Kc) to the actual needs of tomato crops grown with drip irrigation under bare soil and plastic mulching conditions..
机译:我们研究的目的是建立一种确定灌溉不均的农作物中排水和硝酸盐淋失的方法。该试验是在2000年夏季在西班牙埃布罗河谷采用滴灌技术在番茄作物上进行的。评估了两种土壤管理技术和两种灌溉处理方法:裸露土壤(S1)和用黑塑料覆盖的土壤(S2),根据作物蒸发蒸腾量(ETc)计算的裸露土壤(R1)和覆盖土壤(R2)的灌溉量。每周在垂直于滴水线的六个位置上测量深度至1 m深度的土壤土壤含水量(thev)。通过将水平衡方程应用于以下数据来计算排水量:(i)所有六个位置(方法1)和(ii)分别位于植物下方和行之间的位置(方法2)。用多孔陶瓷杯在1 m深度提取土壤溶液并分析硝酸盐。计算出每周浸出的排水量与土壤溶液中硝酸盐浓度的乘积,得出沥滤至1 m深度的硝酸盐。对两个不同的作物生长期进行了排水和硝酸盐淋失评估:作物生长和作物生长。方法2产生的结果与方法1并无显着差异。但是,方法1更准确,并确定了处理之间的更多差异。在农作物生长期间发生了更大的排水,这也有利于沥滤以前储存在土壤中的硝酸盐,然后在种植前用作肥料。在定植过程中,农作物无法利用所有可用的硝酸盐,地下水质量下降。结果表明,需要进一步的研究来调整作物系数(Kc),使其适应裸露土壤和塑料覆盖条件下滴灌生长的番茄作物的实际需求。

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