Produced water treatment system recovers lithium

摘要

Oil and gas companies produce huge amounts of wastewater. Extraction of one barrel of oil - a volume equivalent to approximately 159 liters - in the United States (US) produces an average of seven barrels of wastewater that's laden with metals, salts, and sometimes toxic processing chemicals. In the US state of California, where less accessible heavy oil dominates production, this amount can increase to fifteen barrels.