Dual earning in Europe: time and occupational equity

摘要

These empirical results show that the development of dual earner-households is progressing at different rates and taking different forms across Europe. However, there is no linear relationship between high levels of dual-earner households and incidence of gender equality, in working time or occupational status, within households. Countries with low female employment rates may have higher proportions of all households with children where women have attained both high occupational status in the labour market and relative gender equality in involvement in paid work with their partners. Thus, although there are fewer dual earners in southern Europe, the quality of dual earning compares well with other countries. In both Spain and Italy there are relatively high shares of households with both members with similar working times and in similar level occupations (and high shares of women in high-level occupations).