Advances in catalytic transformations of carbohydrates and lignin in ionic liquids and mechanistic studies

摘要

In biomass refinery, ionic liquids (ILs) enable more efficient conversion andrnhigher product selectivity at milder conditions compared with conventional molecularrnsolvents. Carbohydrates and lignin are the dominating components in biomass.rnThe aim of this article is to update the recent progresses of ionic liquidsbasedrncatalytic systems for lignocellulosic biomass conversions based on the publishedrnworks mostly in the last 5 years. Mechanistic understanding of the catalyticrnprocesses in converting biomass to renewable chemicals and fuels is criticallyrnimportant for the design of superior catalysts. Apart from theoretical approaches,rntwo recently developed characterization techniques, in situ far infrared spectroscopyrnand two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance have been applied in thernmolecular level understanding of both catalysts and catalyzed reactions during biomassrnconversions in ILs. The major challenges and opportunities involved in thernlarge-scale production of biomass platform chemicals are also discussed.rnThis article is categorized under:rnBioenergy > Science and Materials