The two principal applications of benchmarking as it relates to water businesses are: 1. Those benchmarks undertaken by the water businesses (e.g. For internal and business improvements). 2. Those benchmarks undertaken on the water businesses, (e.g. for external regulatory, stakeholder, owner and consumer purposes.) My two contentions for this paper, based on experience, are: a) internal and external benchmark studies are incompatible; and b) benchmarking, for setting utility prices, should be an input process and not an output process.
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