Assessing non-revenue water and its components: a practical approach

摘要

A n annual water balance is normally used to assess Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and its components. Unfortunately, because of the wide diversity of formats and definitions used for such calculations, previous attempts at national and international comparisons of performance in NRW management and performance have been open to considerable doubt. IWA Task Forces recently produced an international 'best practice' standard approach for water balance calculations (Figure 1), with definitions of all terms involved, as the essential first step in practical management of water losses (Hirner and Lambert, 2000; Alegre et al, 2000).