MERCURY CYCLING IN LAKE GORDON AND LAKE PEDDER, TASMANIA (AUSTRALIA). Ⅰ: IN-LAKE PROCESSES

摘要

The processes affecting the concentrations of total mercury (total Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in a freshwater system comprising two connected reservoirs in southwest Tasmania were investigated. Surface concentrations of total mercury (total Hg) were temporally and spatially uniform in both Lake Gordon (2.3+-0.4 ng L~(-1), n = 27) and Lake Pedder (2.3+-0.3 ng L~(-1), n = 11). The surface concentrations of MeHg in Lake Gordon (0.35+-0.39 ng L~(-1), n = 25) were more variable than total Hg and MeHg typically comprised 10-20% of total Hg. The relatively high amount of total mercury present as MeHg in Lake Gordon was attributed to the high proportion of wetlands in the upper catchment (50% of total area) and in-lake contributions (ca. 40% of total MeHg). Despite the close proximity of the two lakes, MeHg concentrations in Lake Pedder were consistently lower than in Lake Gordon. This phenomenon can be explained in part by the greater contribution of direct rainfall to Lake Pedder leading to the dilution of MeHg. Water column MeHg concentrations were higher in warmer months in both lakes, reflecting increased net methylation of inorganic mercury. Unlike previous studies of seasonally anoxic lakes, depth profiles of total mercury and MeHg in Lake Gordon were uniform and were not affected by water column stratification occurring in the summer months, and oxygen depletion with depth. This suggests that redox cycling and accumulation of MeHg in the hypolimnion following seasonally-induced anoxia is not a significant part of the mercury cycle in Lake Gordon. The primary location of MeHg production within the lake's water column is not conspicuous. Mercury speciation measurements made above and below the lake system over a period of 19 months indicates that after 20 yr of impoundment, the reservoirs are not significantly affecting MeHg concentrations in the downstream riverine environment.