CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF PM_(10) AND ITS CONSTITUENTS IN ALSASUA, SPAIN

摘要

Ambient concentrations of PM_(10) were measured every fifteen minutes from November 2002 to October 2003 at Alsasua (Northern Spain) using a laser particle counter. A high volume sampler was also used to collect 24-h integrated PM_(10) samples at a frequency of three running days per week (i.e. three consecutive PM_(10) samples followed by five days without sampling) for gravimetric determination of PM_(10) mass concentrations followed by chemical analysis of its chemical components. The annual mean PM_(10) concentration obtained using the laser particle counter with gravimetric correction was 22.7 μg m~(-3) (365 days), while the mean for the gravimetric samples was 29.5 μg m~(-3) (134 days). A total of 94 integrated PM_(10) samples were analyzed for 60 chemical species using a combination of inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) and ion chromatography (IC). The concentrations of the main PM_(10) components were found to be generally in agreement with the values reported for other Spanish cities. Bilinear Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF2) was used to study the sources of PM_(10) and its constituents. Six main sources of PM_(10) were identified (average contribution to total PM_(10) mass in parentheses): crustal material (35%), secondary sulfate (21%), secondary nitrate (14%), motor vehicles (12%), sea-salt aerosol (12%) and metallurgical industries (3%).