Circular economy: European policy on shaky ground

摘要

In July 2014, the European Commission published its Communication, Towards a Circular Economy: A Zero Waste Programme for Europe. The Commission withdrew their 'waste package' in February 2015, in spite of fierce criticism from a majority of the European Parliament. In December 2015, a new policy was proposed, entitled Circular Economy Closing the Loop (European Commission, 2015). Again, 'circular economy' is presented as a promising alternative to the traditional 'linear economy': "The European Commission is supporting the EU's transition to a Circular Economy ... New jobs will be created in innovative design and business models, research, recycling, re-manufacturing and product development ... Long-term targets and measures to optimise waste management will boost recycling and reduce landfill."