Some features of the merchant economy in Hanoi during the French colonial period

摘要

On 19 July 1888, nearly one year after the French President's Decree on the Foundation of the Indochina Confederation, the city of Hanoi was founded pursuant to the edict of the Governor General of Indochina. To make it official, on 1st October 1888, the court in Hue issued an act approving the establishment of Hanoi as a French concession. Since then, Hanoi came under French colonial control and its economic, cultural and social life began to develop in the direction of serving the colonial government's administrative apparatus and bringing the maximum profits possible to the French colonists.