Negotiation and social transactions in urban policies: the case of the tramway projects in France

摘要

Dealing with the example of the tramway projects developed in two French metropolitan areas, this paper aims to investigate from a relational point of view the debates concerning the place of the concepts of negotiation and social transactions in the implementation of local policies. We take the formal vs. informal dimension of the issue into account, as well as the multiple rationalities linked to the recognition of the 'otherness' in the relations between the different social actors and institutions. Finally, we make a distinction between first and second ranking transactions in order to reinforce this operating paradigm in the 'green city' age.