The service level of urban rail transit is very much affected by the service frequency. This paper proposes an optimizing strategy of service frequency to achieve a tradeoff between service quality and operating cost. Then, an incentive strategy is introduced into the optimizing process of service frequency, to motivate part of passengers to shift their trips from peak to off-peak periods, eventually mitigating the crowdedness and discomfort. Finally, numerical experiments based on a city's metro in China are performed and the results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the riding experience and decrease the operating cost.
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