The substance and form of transportation planning during the past 40 years have reflected shifts in the issues and concerns of federal, state, and local officials. As these issues and concerns have changed, new factors have entered into the planning process. Part of this evolution has been a broadening perspective on what constitutes a transportation system (e.g., modal, multimodal, and intermodal definitions), the types of actions that should be taken to address transportation problems (e.g., capacity expansion, system management, demand management, and the application of advanced technologies), and an expanding definition of benefit measurement (e.g., quantitative system measures, societal costs, and sustainable development).
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