文政京都地震（1830年）における京都盆地での被害要因の検討: 桟瓦葺屋根の普及による被害の拡大

摘要

A large earthquake, called the "Bunsei Kyoto earthquake," occurred at about 3 : 00 P.M.-5 : 00 P.M. 2nd day of 7th month, Bunsei 13th (Gregorian calendar: 19 August, 1830) in Kyoto, Kinki district, Japan, causing enormous damage, especially in the central part of Kyoto city. Large structures of representative architecture in Kyoto city at the time such as the Nijo Castle, Imperial Palace, and major temples, as well as the walls (e.g., stone walls or tamped earthen walls) surrounding them were heavily damaged. Further, there were collapses of a number of Machiya, traditional Japanese residential architectural style incorporating workplaces of merchants and craftsmen, which caused many casualties. About 60% of the area of Kyoto city was occupied by such buildings housing merchants and craftsmen in those days. One major contributing factor of the collapses of Machiya is thought to be the rapid diffusion of pantile roofs in the 19th century.%文政京都地震は，文政十三年七月二日（グレゴリオ暦：rn1830年8月19日）の申刻（午後3時～5時頃）に発生しrnて，主に現在の京都市中心部（上京区・中京区・下京rn区・東山区）で大きな被害を生じた内陸地震である．こrnの地震については，三木（1979）の先駆的な研究があり，rn地震被害の様相や人々の対応，地震の捉え方などに関しrnて網羅的に考察されている．