The willingness-to-accept/willingness-to-pay disparity in repeated markets: loss aversion or 'bad-deal' aversion?

摘要

Several experimental studies have reported that an otherwise robust regularity-the disparity between Willingness-To- Accept and Willingness-To-Pay-tends to be greatly reduced in repeated markets, posing a serious challenge to existing ref-erence-dependent and reference-independent models alike. This article offers a new account of the evidence, based on the assumptions that individuals are affected by good and bad deals relative to the expected transaction price (price sensitivity), with bad deals having a larger impact on their utility ('bad-deal' aversion). These features of preferences explain the existing evidence better than alternative approaches, including the most recent developments of loss aversion models.