How the multilateral development banks can improve their technology transfer operations for water/sanitation projects in developing countries

摘要

Based on some 60 years of consulting practice in the field of environmental/sanitary engineering, about half in the USA and other affluent industrialized countries (ICs) and half with non-affluent developing countries (DCs), the Consultant summarizes the lessons leaned on why the technology transfer (TT) operation of the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and other International Assistance Agencies (IAAs) have failed to achieve effective transfer of appropriate technology to DC practicioners in the environmental/sanitary engineering field, and presents the Consultant's recommendations on feasible measures by which MDBs can significantly improve their TT operations. Eleven specific measures are recommended, all believed to be feasible for use by MDBs, as follows: (ⅰ) post-construction monitoring of project performance, (ⅱ) develop appropriate design criteria for key infrastructure sectors, (ⅲ) be realistic on O & M expectations, (ⅳ) increase infrastructure project budgets to support TT, (ⅴ) prepare appropriate technology textbooks, (ⅵ) sponsor graduate university programs in appropriate TT, (ⅶ) sponsor appropriate TT professional journal, (ⅷ) furnish copies of selected 1C references to DC-ers, (ⅸ) sponsor work-type training assignments in ICs, (ⅹ) plan TT projects as series of steps, (xi) utilize ratired IC-ers for peripatetic training in DCs.