Die Bedeutung ungesättigter Fettsäuren für das Trockene Auge

摘要

INTRODUCTION: The dry eye syndrome is defined as a multifactorial disease of the tearfilm and the ocular surface, which is accompanied by inflammation. The causes of this disease vary as well as the therapies. Studies have shown an antiinflammatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids. Nowadays, preparations including polyunsaturated fatty acids are tested to achieve a relief of dry eye symptoms. Special attention is paid to omega-3-fatty acids and omega-6-fatty acids because they are physiological mediators in inflammatory events. METHOD: 16 patients suffering from dry eye syndrome due to Meibomian gland dysfunction or primary Sjogren syndrome were supplemented with unsaturated fatty acids during a period of one to four months, in addition to their existing dry eye therapy. Subjective and objective parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The analysis of the Ocular Surface Disease Index© (OSDI©) and the Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye© (SANDE©) questionnaires, which are used for the estimation of alterations of subjective perceptions and limitations as well as frequency and severity of ocular surface symptoms, showed significant positive changes after the dietary supplement intake compared to the time before. Lissamine green staining of the ocular surface showed a significant decrease. Break up time, Schirmer test as well as the fluorescein staining of the cornea and the morphology of the eyelids did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: The dietary supplement of omega-3-fatty acids led to an improvement of symptoms and reduction of ocular surface staining in patients suffering from dry eye syndrome due to Meibomian gland dysfunction or primary Sjogren syndrome. The additional intake of omega-3 fatty acids exhibits positive effects when combined with the regular dry eye therapy and may therefore be recommended as an adjunct treatment.