The 'designated person' and criminal liability

摘要

There was a time when shipowners took every precaution to ensure that their ships did not infringe international laws. In fact, in the mid-20th century, established and reputed shipping companies would not suffer any violation of international rules and practices by their ships and personnel, much less instruct masters to break such laws. They also fully supported their masters, officers and crew and equipped their ships to comply with prevailing laws and practices in every way possible.