Rolls-Royce Marine's Oskar Levander is well-known for his forthright views on ship automation, and now that the company is to be bought by Norway's Kongsberg, also a pioneer in this field, the pace of development is likely to increase. But Levander, a naval architect by background, believes that the industry will require a complete change of mindset if IMO targets on ship efficiency and carbon emissions are to be met in little more than one generation of ships' time from now.
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