Computational science is now commonly considered a third mode of science and engineering, complementing and adding to field/ experimentation/observation and theory. Computer models and computer simulations have become an important part of the research repertoire, supplementing (and in some cases replacing) experimentation. Scientific computing spans different disciplines such as computer science, applied mathematics and science/ engineering. It is a complex and diverse area, requiring domain expertise, mathematical modelling, numerical analysis, algorithm development, software implementation, program execution, analysis, validation, and visualisation of results. The fundamental technological enabler of scientific computing is high performance computing (HPC). The linkage between scientific computing and HPC exists at different levels: some scientific and engineering problems need to scale over large computational resources. Others are suited to thousands of simulations running in parallel. A third group deals with large amounts of data.
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