Nuclear Weapons Tests and Human Germline Mutation Rate

摘要

The population around the Semipalatinsk nu- clear test site in Kazakhstan provides an unpar- alleled opportunity for the analysis of the ge- netic risk of ionizing radiation to humans. The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site has Been the site for 470 nuclear tests Performed by the Soviet Union during The period 1949-89, including atmo- Spheric and surface explosions form 1949 to 1963 and underground tests from 1963 to 1989 (1). The surround- ing population was mainly exposed to the fresh radioactive fallout from four surface explosion was mainly exposed to the fresh radioactive fallout from four surface explosions conducted between 1949 and 1956, and currently the ra- dioactive contamination outside the test zone is low (2).