Dyslexia has often been diagnosed as an unexpectedly poor, or "discrepant" reading level as compared to the tested 10 of the student. This approach generates a bias that tends to attribute poor reading in students with lower IQs to factors other than dyslexia. Using functional MRI (fMRI), Tanaka et al. analyzed phonological processing in 8- to 17-year-old children with poor reading ability, with either normal or low IQ. The imaging for phonological processing in children with IQ discrepant with reading skills reflected the atypical brain function.
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