Modern Technologies or Technological Modernities?

摘要

In the highly influential Leviathan and the Air Pump, Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer argued that '... the history of science occupies the same terrain as the history of politics'. They stressed that science is a construct that is shaped by social, economic, political and cultural interests while at the same time it is part and parcel of the formation of social orders that legitimize specific political, social and cultural attitudes, understandings and ideas. In their words: 'Solutions to the problems of knowledge are solutions to the problem of social order' (Shapin and Schaffer, 1985, p. 332). In restoration England the epistemological status of